Both Italy and Germany had dreams of a renewed national spirit Essays

Both Italy and Germany had dreams of a renewed national spirit. After the failed revolutionary attempts nationalism prevailed. In 1849, Italy was going through some rough times. The Austrian army had defeated the armies of Piedmont and Sardinia and had driven out Republican governments in Milan and Venice. Napoleon sent in forces to crush Rome and to return the Papal states back to the pope. The Bourbons now had the two Sicilies and Piedmont-Sardinia restored to the house of Savoy. The Italians had done themselves in with the help of Austria and France. The Risorgimento was defeated. Piedmont-Sardinia was the only independent state of Italy after the defeat of the Austrians. It was ruled by the House of Savoy. Some reforms were allowed. Led by Count Camillo di Cavor [sic] was the well trained army of Piedmont-Sardinia. He was determined to unite Italy. In 1850, Cavor was appointed minister of agriculture and commerce. He started improvements in farming and transportation. He was a man of realist ideas. Cavor finally concluded commercial treaties with other nations. He also made reforms to lessen the importance of the clergy. He wanted a prosperous state or [sic] Piedmont that other states of Italy could look up to. The unification of Italy could not be done by Italy alone. In 1859, Cavor provoked Austria into declaring war on Piedmont-Sardinia. A mixed army greeted and defeated the Austrians. Eventually a treaty was drawn with Austria. Cavor was furious over Napoleon betrayal and Cavor resigned as Prime Minister. A united Italy seemed hopeless, but all was not lost. In the northern central region Cavor?s followers seized control of the provincial government. Cavor returned as Prime Minister. His next move was to annex northern and central Italian kingdom of Piedmont. Garibaldi?s southern Italy joined Cavor?s Italy and the transition was nearly complete. By 1860, Italy became a united Italy. Germany was divided into a number of smaller states, mainly Prussia and Austria. They were just two of the 39 states in Germany governed by princes, dukes, and petty kings. These two states were chief rivals for the leadership of Germany. The only problem for unification in Germany is that Austria contains many non-German lands and the people did not want to see Germany unified. Otto Bismarck as the leader of Prussia united Germany. He so successful [sic] because of his policy of blood and iron. What this basically means is that democratic power was wasted and military power served as the success measure for German unification. It seems to me that Italy in it?s [sic] separate parts wanted unification more than Germany did. Italy was fighting off more outside forces than inside which seemed to be opposite in Germany, yet both were successfully united.

Reel Big Fish essays

Reel Big Fish essays Reel Big Fish is a ska/punk band from Orange County California that came into the music scene after the success of the other bands No Doubt and Sublime. They broke into the music scene during the summer of 1997, when their single "Sell Out" became modern rock radio and an MTV favorite. Reel Big Fish was originally a trio made of a vocalist/guitarist Aaron Barrett, bassist Matt Wong and drummer Andrew Gonzales. At that time the band was a rock band. After many months, the band discovered ska and decided to add horn players. Reel Big Fish had a hard time maintaining a stable horn section, and it took several years before their final horn section (Tavis Werts-Trumpet, Scott Klopfenstein-trumpet/vocals, Grant Barry-Trombone, Dan With this new and final lineup Reel Big Fish recorded their debut album, Everything Sucks. They released it themselves in 1995. Everything Sucks became a ska/punk hit underground by word of mouth. A little while later the band signed with record label Mojo Records. Joy Rifkin, the labels president, produced Reel Big Fish's first album Turn the Radio Off for Mojo. Turn The Radio Off was released in August of 1996. The group toured in support of the album continually, expanding their fan base. In the spring of 1997, their single "Sell Out" began receiving heavy airplay from many influential modern rock stations in the US This soon led to MTV support for the song's video. By summer time "Sell Out" had become a modern rock hit. The album had charted in the Top 100. In July of 1997 Reel Big Fish released Keep You Receipt, which contained "Sell Out" and other outtakes, new songs and some live cuts. ...

Sociology Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sociology Class - Essay Example A normal human being is a unit of a society and hence participate in influencing the structure of the society. Thoughts generated by single mind are potentially capable of manipulating social structures as there is a regular interaction within the primary social circle and this influences the secondary and other spheres of human dealings and co-existence. Primary is the most intimate group where interaction is on the daily basis sharing facial expressions, grievances, moments of joy and cheer and interact to reach to resolve any issue outside the primary sphere or domain, these are the members existing beneath the same family unit, or house. They either hold blood relations or contribute to the accountability and concern for its members and reproducing, thus status is inherited. Primary status greatly influence our upbringing, as our primary socialization progression transpire within the family, moulding and shaping our beliefs, values and opinions. An individual is conditioned to th is atmosphere and follow the beliefs and rules all through the life. Based on these beliefs further interaction and socialization with other groups of society takes the contour namely the secondary groups and organizational, national and international interactions.

Pharmaceutical companies and the supply of essential drugs to least Assignment

Pharmaceutical companies and the supply of essential drugs to least developed countries (LDCs) - Assignment Example of HIV/AIDS is used as an example for showing the level at which the firm is willing to promote ethics and to ignore the relevant effects on its profitability. The review of the firm’s practices in supporting the patients of HIV in South Africa has revealed the following facts: the firm has taken initiatives for promoting public health, or, else, public good, in the specific regions. However, the performance of the business in fully promoting CSR can be doubted, a view that it can be verified by the allegations that the firm has faced in the past for violating ethics. On the other hand, the measures that the firm took for supporting people in poor countries cannot be ignored. Thus, it could be concluded that the firm is willing to promote CSR but it could not achieve such target without making alterations in its CSR, as suggested below. The expansion of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is quite rapid. In the map in Figure 1 (Appendices) the infection from HIV globally is presented; through this map it is made clear that South Africa holds the first place, along with other African countries of the mid-Africa region, in regard to the infection from HIV. In South Africa the expansion of HIV seems to be related mostly to young girls who become victims of sexual exploitation by old men (BBC News 2013). The graph in Figure 2 (Appendices) presents the percentage of girls as compared to boys affected from HIV in Kenya; the difference between the two categories is clear. According to a report published in March of 2013 a percentage of about ‘25% school-girls in South Africa’ (BBC News 2013, par.1) has been infected by HIV/AIDS after suffering a sexual assault. The relevant research refers to young girls up to 14 years. In fact, in South Africa women are more exposed to the risk of HIV/AIDS than men: women in South Afri ca are infected by HIV/ AIDS at a percentage of 23.2% while for men the relevant percentage is significantly lower, about 18.8% (BBC News 2014, par.4). Today,

Art history - compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Art history - compare and contrast - Essay Example and Khafre’s Pyramid bear much similarity in terms of form and construction, they are actually quite different in terms of the function and context in which they were constructed. A major similarity between the Nanna Ziggurat and Khafre’s Pyramid lies in the fact that they are basically large pyramid structures. The Nanna Ziggurat has a stepped pyramid form with a rectangular base of 205 feet by 141 feet and rising an imposing 70 feet high. It was constructed of mud bricks and bore three staircases that all led to an entrance at the top. Its platform walls sloped outwards and it is thought that the Sumerian architects behind the idea designed it this way to prevent erosion of the pavement that was also constructed of mud bricks (Stokstad and Cothren 36). Khafre’s Pyramid was a large construction, with a square base of about 704 feet and rising to about 471 feet. It had a slant height of about 568 feet at an angle of 53Â °. This is of particular note since the architects had to get each angle and length measurement correctly for each stone to fit properly. The building blocks themselves were cut out of stone and weighed about 2.5 tons each. Whil e it would have been quite difficult to raise the stones to the pyramid’s height, the Egyptians adeptly used roller logs to place each piece in its place (Stokstad and Cothren 57). The other similarity between the two monuments is that they were both constructed during periods of great influence and civilization among the peoples of each kingdom. The people of the Old Egyptian Kingdom had developed systems of writing and schools, architecture, farming, labor practice and law and Khafre’s Pyramid was built during a period of social and political stability and prosperity. The kingdom’s Kings at the time were deemed half-gods who were mummified in the pyramids after death. In a similar fashion, the Sumerians had developed farming practice, writing, medicine, sailing, governance and religion. Although the

The Social Benefits Of Education

The Social Benefits Of Education Education has been considered an investment value. Those who acquire additional schooling generally earn more over their lifetimes, achieve higher level of employment, and enjoy more satisfying careers. It also enable people to more fully enjoy life, appreciate literature and culture and be more socially involved citizens. Private returns to education refer to the benefits received by the individual who acquires additional schooling. These include economic benefits such as higher lifetime earnings, lower level of unemployment, and greater job satisfaction, improve health and longevity. Social returns refer to positive or possibly negative consequences that accrue to individuals other than the indivudal or family making the decision. About how much schooling to acquire. These are the benefits not taken into account by the decision-maker. II. Rationales for Government involvement In Post Secondary Education Efficiency gains result in an increase in societys total output of goods and services, and thus allow achievement of higher average living standards Equity considerations relate not to the average standards of living but how societys total output is distributed among citizens. Second argument to intervention is that in the absence of interventions such as student loan programs individuals who might benefit from higher education but who do not have the financial resources to finance the investment are typically unable to use their potential human capital as collateral for loan.. The talent of the population may not be fully utilized and the total output of goods and services may fall short of its potential. Both of these efficiency rationales involve a potential market failure. The first arises because of positive external benefits associated with education -social benefits that exceed private benefits. The second arises because of a failure in credit market that results in some individuals being unable to finance productive investments. III. Estimating Private and Social Returns to Education Education is one of the best predictors of success in the labour market. More educated workers earn higher wages, have greater earnings growth over their lifetimes, experience less unemployment and work longer Higher education is also associated with higher longer life expectancy, better health and reduced participation in crime. According to human capital theory, schooling raises earnings because it enhances workers skills thus making employees more productive and more valuable to employers. III. Social Returns to Education positive or possibly negative consequences that accrue to individuals other than the indivudal or family making the decision. About how much schooling to acquire. These are the benefits not taken into account by the decision-maker. A. Innovation, knowledge creation and economic growth new growth theory: emphasizes the contribution of knowledge creation and innovation in fostering advances in living standards over time.. education plays an important role in economic growth . knowledge creation and innovation respond to economic incentives, and thus can be influenced by public policy. The education and skill formation systems play an important role in fostering innovation and advancing knowledge. There are 3 main dimensions to this role related to research function of educational institutions esp. universities can be an important source of new ideas. Accgd. To this perspective the human capital of the workforce is a crucial factor facilitating the adoption of new and more productive technologies. Human capital of the workforce is a crucial factor facilitating the adoption of new and more productive technologies. The transfer of knowledge function msut be reflected to the returns to education. Those receiving educ will become more prodictive and thus more valuable to the employers. Post sec educ in oecd countries is relatively more important than with primary and secondary educ in developing countries B. Knowledge spillovers Static knowledge spillovers arise if more education raises not only the productivity of those receinvg the education but alos the productivity of those they work with and interact with. Jacobs argue that cities are engine of growth bec they facilitate the exchange of ideas esp. between entrepreneurs and managers Such knowledge spillovers can take place thorugh the echange of ideas, imitation and learning by doing C. Non-market effects of education Other forms of benefits other than higher wages or non-wage benefits from working. This includes improved onw health or child dev. private in nature and thus may be taken into account by individuals in cjoosing the amount of educ to acquire. Authors find considerable impact of educ on a wide variety of non-0market and social benefits even after controlling income, age, health and race. This includes effect of wifes schooling on husband earnings effect of parents educ on child outcomes (intergenerational effects): education, cognitive ability, health and fertility choices effect of educ on own health and spouse health effect of educ on consumer choice efficiency, labour market etc effect of educ on charitable giving and volunteeractivity higher ave of educ levels in the community lower school dropout rates of children D. Intergenerational effect parents education has strong effects on children, resulting in large intergenerational effects parental educ on a number of child outcomes including higher parental educ is associated with lower fertility via increased efficiency of contraception as well as via raising the age of both marriage and first pregnancy. The resulting of lower pop growth is positive for economic growth in dev countires incidence of teenage childbearing is much higher for children of less educated parents child abuse and neglect are also associarted with parents educ high parental educ more subs family investments in children , loer criminal propensities , improved child health children of less educated poarents generally cost more to educate intergenerational benefits of educ to society: lower educ cost, less ue of foster care and juvenile diversion, lower crime, lower heakth cost and lower dependence on welfare transfers E. Health and longeivity child health is posivitve related to parents educ results to superior health behaviors: reduced smoking, more exercise and low incidence of heavy drinking educ people adopt newer drugs due to ability to learn and more info thus educ leads to better health F. Criminal Activity high educ levels may lower crime byb raising wage rates, which increase the opportunity cost of crime lower crime rates G. Civic participation correlation between educ and voting is high . higher educ is also associated with greater charitable giving and volunteerism trust and participation educ raises the quality of peoples involvement in the society H. Tax and transfer returns more educ are less likely to return on public transfers wven when elgivible for benefits FLEMISH EDUCATION, BETWEEN MERTIOCRACY AND EGALITARANISM By: Ides Nicaise I. A Century of Reforms- without much success social inequality in education still exist in flanders compulsory educ until the age of 18 90s began with an experimentation on positive discrimination schools with a large number of pupils from underprivileged groups (immigrants, disadvantaged pupils) received additional funding What is lacking is a clear choice in favour of a more egalitarian of educ Two Basic Views of Equality Meritocracy Egalitarianism Both visions to a certain extent share the same concern: out an end to the unjustified passing on of power , prestige, and wealth based on a persons descent. Allocation of social positions should no longer be ascribed to individuals based on their origins (the principle of ascription), rather these positions should be acquired based on achievement Every member of society should regardless of social origin have the same opportunities to prove himself Meritocracy an ideology of equal opportunities .. and unequal treatment Principle of individual merit which boils down to a combination of talent and effort False justice theory, results in a disguised reproduction of the existing inequalities Tony Blair- ambition to make his country a meritocratic society. Nederlands and Sweden were the first to achieve the higest stage of a meritocratic educ society Social positions to be distribuited on the basis of merit (talent and effort) The existing social inequality can essentially be explained by three set of factors innate abilities genetically determined social background- transfer of matrial assets, social networks, and cultural capital. This is regarded as unfair ; these are the mechanisms that have to be eliminated as much as possible , eg by the provision of free and freely accessible educ. Accdg. To meritocratic thinking, society is not responsible for the two other sets of factors. Innate ability (for the time being) a question of coincidence, personal effect-responsibility of every individual personal preferences and effort opposed to the social transfer of power and prosperity, but inequality exists in merit . the merit talent . it is implicitly assumed that tlents are purely randomly distributed among the pop. And tehrfore have nothing to do with social origins The meritocratic recipe for educ can be summarized in 3 major principles everyone must have equal access to education according to innate ability . equal opportunities : opportunities refer to coincidental factor which is not within our power and which helps determine the outcomes of educ and future social pos. The aim is not therefore equal outcomes, but a particular distribution of possible outcomes which are unrelated to a persons social background equal access educ is not unconditional. Everyone should have access to educ accdg to his innate ability. It is accepted that not everyone gains access to the same extent to a given level or type of educ. Specifically, financial obstacles in education will have to be eliminated as much as possible but that admission tests or intelligence tests can be accepted a legitimate selection criteria. Unequal treatment of individuals based on merit is regarded as legitimate. In other words it is accepted that more is invested in persons who display a greater innate ability and or more personal effort. . moral to economic interà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ regarded as fair community invest more resources in people with more talent, perhaps they have merited this, but bec they are expected to contribute more in the future to collective prosperity to those who have shall be given inequality based on social background will disappear if the two previous principles are consistently applied Principle of equal opportunites has been translated into compulsory education and free educ. Compulsory educ is a way of legally limiting parents freedom of choice regarding educational participation Second principle- differential treatment accdg to talent and effort, forms the counterbalance to this mildness at the entrance gate . Flemish educ is extremely selective and achievement -oriented What is wrong with meritocracy? John Goldthorpe inherited talents are in no way an element of merit and as a result the ethical justification for this social model is immediately negated Dick pels- adds a number of arguments to demonstrate that even on a labour market regarded as competitive and meritocratic Youn- meritocracy in its most perfect form eventually leads to a new type of class-based society Egalitarianism: a relic from the communist era? Egalitarianism is the basic percepts of human rights, ie the equal dignity and freedom of people The right of educ may not depend on the talents of an individual but is, to a certain extent, an absolute right Absolute rights do indeed apply to basic goods John Rawls- people will agree that distribution of basic goods must be strictly egalitarian and may not be dependent on something like talents, precisely bec. Talents are unearned Inequalities that contribute to an improvement in the position of the poorest citizens gradation differences exist within egalitarianism: at the level of elem educ., it refers to equal outomes (a level that everyone should attain), at the higher level- equal opportunities The emphasis on equal outcomes (elem and sec) forms a second critical area of difference bet. Egalitarianism and meritocracy. Amartya Sen emphasis the basic right is only effective if the result is achieved, not if it is written down in law. This means that authorities bear the responsibility for guaranteeing the implementation of basic rights for all. Principle of positive discrimination- priority given to disadvantage Egalitarianism implicitly assumes that equal outcomes are possible. Students in the primary and sec levels are in the position to achieve the targets Traces of egalitarianism in Flemish educ: attainment targets in guaranteeing pupils with the same min skill level remains limited. Study grants from merit.. to egalitarian vision Trojan Horse of the Lower Classes Protagonist of greater equality are not infrequently accused but face with some questions: A society cannot consist solely of university graduates . labour market also needs semi-skilled workers. . the egalitatain base refers to basic education. equal outcomes can be interpreted in 2 ways: strict def.: same target level is applied for every individual , broader def. accepts certain variation in individuals. In other words, individual differences are tolerated but the average outcomes among children from various social environments must be equalized resistnace to egalitarianism: postivie discrimination in favour of the underprivileged groups could be flipside of negative discrimination against them (white person with high score over black with low score- black gets priorty- contest educ is not a zero sum game in which better outcomes for one group are achived at the expense of poore results for another group. The key is to adapt reform and strategies that more equal outcomes go hand in hand with a sin-win sit for every one (ex. R3educed referral to SPED Educational Strategies for disadvantaged youth in 6 European countries By : I. Nicaise Intro Gen. level of educ is increased but has demonstrated that in most countries inequality is passed on unrelentingly .. social exclusion Social Equality in Education Current educ system filters, segregates and reproduces social inequality Dream of democratic educ sys- the dream of equal opportunites and unhindered social mobility. Everyone is entitled to benefit to a resonalbe extent from their education . Whether consciously or not, many harbour meritocratic view of education, it is assumed that everyone has equal opportunites but equal porofit is certainly not an aim because aaacdg to the theory, the unequal benefit from educ merely reflects the efforts and talents of each individual . As Goldthrope demosntatres, meritocratic ideology expliclty perceives unequal educational outcomes as fair. .. it hastily passess over the issue of the unequal socity in which education is rooted A priori opportunities are not equal and unequal outcomes are not fair 2. Equal Opportunity Strategies Integrated approach to poverty, inequality and social exc

Little Women Essay -- Literary Analysis, Louisa May Alcott

â€Å"Captured the nuances that still move me to laugh and cry† (Delamar xiii). Louisa May Alcott is such a wonderful woman who was known not only as a great writer, but also a fighter for justice and advocate of human rights. No matter how many difficulties Louisa faced in her life, she had succeeded in achieving her dream. She wrote one of the greatest books of her era, Little Women. She participated in anti-slavery activities, and was a non-official feminist. She worked hard for fans and neither for fame nor money. Louisa May Alcott is example for all of the people in the world. Louisa May Alcott was born in a poor but full of love family. She grew up with the kindness of her father and loveliness of her mother. Louisa May Alcott’s father was a writer, and a great influence on her. Her mother was a pioneer in the women’s suffrage and abolitionist movement. Louisa showed interest in writing when she was the child. She used her father’s dictionary and philosophy book to study when no one saw (Delamar 3-5). Her family moved many times, and only when she got fourteen, she had her first personal room (Shealy xix). Louisa May Alcott and her three sisters got education at home by her father. In spite of her poor and hard life, she tried to overcome hardships. When Louisa May Alcott turned seventeen, she was such a beautiful woman, who was tall and charming. She had great blue eyes and brown hair. However, she would never get married because she thought that a woman could take care of herself without a man’s supports (Delamar 34). Because of her difficult life, she began to work at an early age. She worked as a governess, a seamstress, and a teacher. When she was fifteen, she taught some of her younger playmates. During her teaching and... ... appetite, and all her sicknesses teased her, she continued work. She was not able to write by her right hand, but she forced herself to learn how to write by her left hand. Louisa May Alcott worked on Jo’s Boys, and she knew that it would be her last story (Delamar 136). On March 4, Louisa May Alcott came to visit her sick father for the last time, and he died on that same day. Two days later, she followed her father without any regret. She left behind a wonderful work; all her books, letters and journals are part of American history (Matteson). In spite of hard life, she achieved everything she wanted. Louisa May Alcott is analogy of perfect and free woman. She proved that hard working can help to achieve dream. People read her book up till now. â€Å"One thing she gained was something she never dreamed of – Louisa May Alcott achieved immortality.† (Delamar 142).

Balance Sheet and Accounting Standards

ANSWER SHEET STUDENT’S SURNAME   OTHER NAMES   STUDENT NUMBER   TUTORIAL DAY & TIME TUTOR’S FULL NAME   Test 1 – Version 2 Session 2, 2012 Course Code: ACCG 224 Course Name: INTERMEDIATE FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING Time allowed: 55 minutes plus 5 minutes reading time Total No. of questions: Three Questions Instructions 1. You must answer ALL questions in the test booklet. No separate booklet will be provided to answer the questions. . This is a closed-book test. You are not allowed to refer to any text material for the test. 3. Show all workings. Handwriting must be legible. 4. Non-programmable and non-text retrieval calculators may be used, but dictionaries are not to be used. Question No. Marks 1 /15 2 /15 3 /10 Total /40 Question 1 – Multiple Choice (15 marks) (Please circle the correct answer) 1. The main functions of the Financial Reporting Council include: I. II. III. IV. V. a. b. * c. d. overseeing the process for the setting of accounting standard s of the AASB. determining the AASB’s broad strategic direction. onitoring and reviewing the level of funding for the AASB. directing the AASB in relation to the development or making of a particular standard. the power to veto a standard recommended by the AASB. I, II, III and V only I, II, and III only I, II, IV and V only II, III, IV and V only 2. The role of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission is to: I. II. III. IV. a. b. c. * d. 3. I, II, III and IV I, III and IV only I, II and IV only II, and III only Regulatory capture is said to occur in which of the following situations? a. b. c. d. * 4. Enforce and administer the Corporations Act.Inform the public about Australian companies, financial markets and financial professionals who deal and advise in financial instruments. Issue accounting standards. Improve the performance of the financial system. When the regulated entities ensure non-performance by the regulating body When the regulated entities co-opt t he regulators into a mutually shared perspective When the regulated entities control the regulations and the regulatory body All of the above Which of these theories could explain a move towards government control of accounting standards setting in Australia? a. b. . d. * 5. Public interest theory Regulatory capture theory Private interest theory All of the above The primary reasons for developing a conceptual framework is: a. * b. c. d. To enable regulators to develop accounting standards that are consistent and logical To provide guidance to accountants in areas where no standard exists To reduce the number of accounting standards needed To assist auditors 2 6. According to the AASBs Conceptual Framework an asset is: a. b. c*. d. 7. A company incurs significant costs in relation to a speculative project that intends to turn rocks into gold.In accordance with the AASBs Conceptual Framework the costs of this project are an: a. * b. c. d. 8. d. it is not necessary to restate the prio r period comparatives; the error may be amended prospectively; it may be deferred and recognised in the subsequent period; a retrospective correction must be made. When changing an accounting policy which of the following has to be applied retrospectively? a. * b. c. d. 11. Relevance, reliability, materiality, consistency, verifiability, understandability Understandability, timeliness, relevance, readability, timeliness, reliability Relevance, faithful representation, comparability, nderstandability, verifiability, timeliness Uniformity, relevance, reliability, consistency, faithful representation Where a fundamental error occurs in the recognition process: a. b. c. d*. 10. expense because there is little probability that future economic benefits will eventuate expense because the recognition criteria for an asset is not satisfied asset because the definition and recognition criteria for assets are satisfied asset because the company will control the future economic benefits. The qu alitative characteristics for financial reporting contained in the Conceptual Framework are: a. b. c. 9. a contingent item depending on another event occurs at some time in the future a future benefits controlled by an entity as the result of a future transaction a future benefit controlled by an entity as the result of past transactions or events an item that has a physical existence and can be converted into cash. a voluntary change to improve the relevance of information presented a change due to the adoption of a new accounting standard a change due to the adoption of a new interpretation all of the above. A company’s workforce went on strike for an indefinite period commencing on 5 August 20X1.The strike was expected to cause severe financial conditions for the company. The financial statements for the year ended 30 June 20X1 were expected to be completed by 7 August 20X1. In accordance with AASB 110 Events after the Reporting Date, the appropriate treatment regarding th e strike is: a. * b. c. d. disclosure as a note to the financial statements, as it is a non-adjusting event; disclosure as a note to the financial statements, as it is an adjusting event; to adjust the financial statements, as it is a non-adjusting event; to adjust the financial statements, as it is an adjusting event. 12. Differences between the carrying amounts of an entity’s net assets determined under accounting standards and accrual accounting, and the tax bases of those net assets determined under the Income Tax Assessment Act, are described as: a. * b. c. d. 13. CTT Limited has an asset which cost $300 and against which depreciation of $100 has accumulated. The accumulated depreciation for tax purposes is $180 and the company tax rate is 30%. The tax base of this asset is: a. * b. c. d. 14. temporary differences permanent differences tax losses the current income tax liability. $120 $220 $80 $20In jurisdictions where the impairment of goodwill is not tax deductible, AA SB 112 Income Taxes: a. * b. c. d. does not permit the application of deferred tax accounting to goodwill allows the recognition of a deferred tax item in relation to goodwill requires that any deferred tax items in relation to goodwill be recognised directly in equity requires that any deferred tax items for goodwill be capitalised in the carrying amount of goodwill. 15. Revaluations under AASB 116 Property, Plant and Equipment apply to: a. b. c. d. * all assets on an individual basis individual current assets only individual non-current assets only ssets on a class-by-class basis. 4 Question 2 – Short Answers (15 marks) Part a. The ASIC Act details that one of the primary accounting standard functions of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is to ensure that accounting standards serve the best interests of both the private and public sector. Why is it important that the FRC ensure that the interests of the public sector are met? (3 marks) One of the crucial roles of FRC is to assess the continued relevance and effectiveness of accounting and auditing standards to ensure that accounting standards serve the best interests of both the private and public sector.Relevant accounting standards lead to required and appropriate accounting information disclosure. Accounting information serves an important public policy purpose — namely improving the flow of information to investors in a country’s capital markets. Accounting information helps investors and other stakeholders make sound economic decisions, which will enhance the efficiency of resource allocation and fairness of wealth distribution in the society. With the development of a country’s economy, the social welfare will increase.The public interest means such social welfare. 5 Part b. You have recently graduated with your Bachelor’s degree and have applied for a position with the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) as a technical adviser. At the interview, the Chai rman stresses that they often have difficulties in determining whether the standards they draw up should follow a ‘principles based’ or ‘rules based’ approach. In particular they want to implement standards to overcome creative accounting practices.Knowing that you have recently completed studies in accounting theory and standard setting, explain the Chairman what are the three main differences between the ‘principles based’ approach as opposed to a ‘rules based’ approach to standard setting? (3 marks) Principles Based ? †¢ †¢ IASB follows a principles-based approach to standard setting. Constructed in a broad framework that is not focussed on specific rules under specific circumstances Allows for professional judgement in relation to substance rather than form Advantages of principles-based standards †¢ Principles-based standards are simpler. They supply broad guidelines that can be applied to many situations. †¢ They improve the representational faithfulness of financial statements. †¢ They allow accountants to use their professional judgement. †¢ Evidence suggests that managers are less likely to attempt earnings management. Disadvantages of principles-based standards †¢ Managers may select treatments that do not reflect the underlying economic substance. †¢ The judgement and choice involved in many of the decisions mean that comparability among financial statements may be reduced Rules-based †¢ Currently FASB follows rules-based approach. Constructed in a framework that is focussed on specific rules under specific circumstances. †¢ Misuse in corporate collapses means that FASB is reconsidering if they should move to principles-based standards. Disadvantages of rules-based standards †¢ Rules-based standards can be very complex. †¢ Organisations can structure transactions to circumvent unfavourable reporting. †¢ Standards are likely to be inco mplete or even obsolete by the time they are issued. †¢ Manipulated compliance with rules makes auditing more difficult. †¢ Rules-based standards can be confusing. Part c.Explain what a conceptual framework is and what are the benefits of having a Conceptual Framework for the accounting profession? (4 marks) Definition of a Conceptual Framework ? ‘A coherent system of interrelated objectives and fundamentals that is expected to lead to consistent standards’; ? Also, it is an attempt to provide a structured theory of accounting that prescribes practice. ? establishes concepts/ideas that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial reports; ? assists standard setters, preparers, auditors, users and those interested in the work of standard setters How the framework is used for the accounting profession? Explains the concepts/ideas that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial reports for external users – What is the purpose of finan cial reporting? – For whom should financial reports be prepared? – What qualitative characteristics should financial information possess? – What are the elements of financial reporting? – What measurement rules should be employed? It provides guidance to the accountants when there is no specific guidance given in the accounting standards.It also assists the accountants when they cannot understand the application of certain IFRS due to the complexity involved. 7 Part d. Barton Ltd uses tractors as a part of its operating equipment, and it applies the straight-line depreciation method to depreciate these assets. Barton Ltd has just taken over Deakin Ltd, which uses similar tractors in its operations. However, Deakin Ltd has been using diminishing balance method of depreciation for these tractors. The accountant in Barton Ltd is arguing that for both entities the same depreciation method should be used for tractors. Provide arguments for and against this pro posal. 2 marks) Para 50 of AASB 116 notes that depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life.. Arguments against the Proposal ? Depreciation is measuring the change in value due to the use of an asset over the period. It is possible that Deakin Ltd has been using the diminishing value as it was going to use the tractor more in the early years of the economic life and hence the choice of the depreciation method is justified. Arguments in Favour ? It is important that there is consistency in the type of the asset and depreciation method applied.Part e. a. Explain the difference between the cost model and revaluation model under measurement subsequent to initial measurement. (3 marks) Cost Model AASB 116 requires that measurement subsequent to initial measurement of assets could be carried at cost less any accumulated: – depreciation; – impairment losses. Revaluation model – As an alternative to the cost model AASB 116 allows the revaluation model to be used for classes of assets. Revaluation is an adjustment of PPE’s carrying amount so that it reflects its current fair value. Measurement basis is fair value (FV).Frequency of revaluations is not specified, but must be performed with sufficient regularity such that the carrying amount of assets is not materially different from their FV. Revaluation performed on a class basis. Accounting performed on an asset-by-asset basis. 8 Question 3 – Practical (10 Marks) Bravo Ltd began operations on 1 July 2011 and has provided the following information: 1. 2. 3. Pre-tax accounting profit for the financial year ended 30 June 2012 is $150 000. The enacted tax rate is 30%. Differences between the 30 June 2012 income statement and tax return are listed below: (a) b) (c) (d) (e) 4. Annual leave expense accrued for financial reporting purposes amounts to $15 000. The employees were not allowed to take annual leave in the first year of operat ion. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment for accounting purposes amounts to $120 000. Depreciation of these assets amounts to $80 000 for the tax return. Entertainment expenses of $6 500 were included in computing pre-tax accounting profit. Tax free government grants of $5 000 were recognised as income. As a small business, Bravo Ltd chose for taxation purposes cash accounting for their sales revenue.Accounts receivable regarding sales show a balance of $20 000 at year-end. There was no need to recognise any allowance for doubtful debts. Taxable profit is expected for the next few years. Required (a) (b) (c) Calculate taxable profit for the financial year ended 30 June 2012. (4 marks) Prepare the journal entry to record income tax expense, deferred tax and income tax payable for the financial year ended 30 June 2012. (4 marks) Draft the income statement beginning with ‘Profit before income tax’. (2 marks) (a) Pre-tax accounting profit $150 000 Permanent differ ences: Entertainment expenseTax-exempt revenue Adjusted accounting profit 6 500 (5 000) 151 500 Originating temporary differences: Annual Leave Provision Accounting expense Tax deductible Excess depreciation expense Accounting expense Tax deductible Excess Revenue Taxable profit (b) $ 15 000 (0 ) 15 000 > DTA 4 500 120 000 (80 000) 40 000 > DTA 12 000 (20 000) > DTL 6,000 $186 500 > Income tax payable 55 950 Income Tax Expense 45 450 Deferred Tax Asset 16 500 Income Tax Payable 55 950 9 Deferred tax liability 6 000 DTA = 4 500 + 12 000 (c) Profit before income tax Income tax expense Profit for the period $150 000 45 450 $104 550 10

Free Essays on Drowning A Fish

Drowning a Fish Why can’t blondes be pharmacists? Because they can’t figure out how to fit the bottle in the typewriter. An example of one of the cleaner blonde jokes. I heard my first blonde joke at the age of 5. We were in Arizona for a hockey tournament, sitting around the pool, when the boys starting telling jokes that I’m sure they must have heard from older brothers or sisters. I am a blonde, but being that young I had no idea what anyone was talking about. The stereotype that blondes are not very intelligent is shown in Hollywood but is also proven to be wrong in movies and in children’s toys. First of all, there are certain people that do fit into the dumb blonde category. For example, the singer Jessica Simpson. Currently she and her husband have a reality show on MTV called The Newlyweds. She was eating a can of Chicken of the Sea tuna, when she asked her husband, â€Å"Is this chicken, what I have, or is this fish?† These are the types of questions that many people would ask, but not necessarily at the age of 23. Jessica’s dad just recently said, â€Å"What’s happening here is Jessica knows she’s on camera, since was a little girl, people have been calling her a dumb blonde, (so) she begins to assume the role that everybody expects of her. That doesn’t mean that’s who she is. It’s a part of her personality, but it’s one that she’s enhancing on the show. It’s nothing that’s not real, but she unintentionally exaggerates.† Now whenever someone says something stupid it is referred to as â€Å"pulling a Jessica.† While Jessica was at an amusement park, she won a platypus stuffed animal. She commented, †Isn’t it plata-ma-pus? I always thought it was plata-ma-pus.† Also, when she was talking to a close friend about how old she was and having another birthday, she said, â€Å"No, 23 is old. It’s almost 25, which is, like, almost mid-twenties.† Well, if 25 is not the number exact... Free Essays on Drowning A Fish Free Essays on Drowning A Fish Drowning a Fish Why can’t blondes be pharmacists? Because they can’t figure out how to fit the bottle in the typewriter. An example of one of the cleaner blonde jokes. I heard my first blonde joke at the age of 5. We were in Arizona for a hockey tournament, sitting around the pool, when the boys starting telling jokes that I’m sure they must have heard from older brothers or sisters. I am a blonde, but being that young I had no idea what anyone was talking about. The stereotype that blondes are not very intelligent is shown in Hollywood but is also proven to be wrong in movies and in children’s toys. First of all, there are certain people that do fit into the dumb blonde category. For example, the singer Jessica Simpson. Currently she and her husband have a reality show on MTV called The Newlyweds. She was eating a can of Chicken of the Sea tuna, when she asked her husband, â€Å"Is this chicken, what I have, or is this fish?† These are the types of questions that many people would ask, but not necessarily at the age of 23. Jessica’s dad just recently said, â€Å"What’s happening here is Jessica knows she’s on camera, since was a little girl, people have been calling her a dumb blonde, (so) she begins to assume the role that everybody expects of her. That doesn’t mean that’s who she is. It’s a part of her personality, but it’s one that she’s enhancing on the show. It’s nothing that’s not real, but she unintentionally exaggerates.† Now whenever someone says something stupid it is referred to as â€Å"pulling a Jessica.† While Jessica was at an amusement park, she won a platypus stuffed animal. She commented, †Isn’t it plata-ma-pus? I always thought it was plata-ma-pus.† Also, when she was talking to a close friend about how old she was and having another birthday, she said, â€Å"No, 23 is old. It’s almost 25, which is, like, almost mid-twenties.† Well, if 25 is not the number exact...

The American Experience

The American Experience Introduction The United States of America is a country that is faced by several social issues that are both positive and negative. The family institution is an example of an institution faced with many issues such as divorce.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Experience specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to court records, divorce is an act that has been practiced widely in the United States of America since the 1600s and by early 1880, one marriage ended up in divorce out of fourteen to sixteen married couples. According to Kreider and Fields (2001), out of 2.4 million marriages that are celebrated annually, 1.2 million divorces occur yearly in the United States of America. This has left sociologists asking themselves the reason behind the increasing rate of divorce in the American society. Divorce Divorce is defined as dissolution of marriage by the parties involved through a judgment by court of law or accepted customs. Divorce has been identified as a major problem in the United States based on the data obtained by research personnel, organizations, media centre’s and the cases filed and decided by the courts of law. According to Jennifer Baker, 50% of first marriages, 67 % of second marriages and 74% of third marriages end up in divorce in America. This shows how difficult it is to maintain one’s marriage in the United States due to the significance of marriage held by the Americans (Kreider Fields, 2001). According to Riley and Glenda (1991), divorce is most common in couples with three or more children, young married couples and couples with low economic status. Factors Influencing Divorce There are several factors that influence divorce among couples in the United States of America. Some of the factors include culture, age, and socioeconomic issues among others. Divorce has both its merits and demerits to the couples, the children and the society. Divorc e affects children as they may end up losing their communication ability with their opposite sex and it may affect their perception towards marriage (Kelly Emery, 2003). The problem of unrealistic expectations is one of the factors influencing divorce in the American society as many spouses do not rely on each other financially. They only rely on each other for sexual gratification, nurturance, affection and understanding for their happiness. In absence of these comforts, one or both of the couples will begin outsourcing the absent ingredients in the marriage thereby leading to divorce. Socioeconomic status of the spouses is another influencing factor in that marital success is facilitated by education and the income levels of the spouses. Education promotes the effectiveness of communication between couples with easy resolution of their differences. On the other hand, economic hardships generate stress and with increased hardships and disagreements over finances, emotional support between the spouses decreases thereby leading to divorce.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Life course variables are another factors influencing divorce. In a marriage, presence of children and the duration of marriage are incorporated by timing and duration of events. With respect to marriage age, young married couples tend to experience more problems than the couples who married at older ages and for this reason, they have higher chances of divorcing. Conclusion Many factors have been cited as the cause of divorce and they include culture, age, and socioeconomic issues among other factors. However, divorce as observed in the United States of America is promoted by the society as a whole and is highly welcomed and appreciated by the society despite the negative effects it has on the family both the couples and the children. Divorce has granted several couples their fr eedom and burdened others with added responsibilities of raising children on their own. References Kelly, J. B. Emery, R. E. (2003). Children’s adjustment following divorce: risk and resilience perspective. Family Relations, 52, 352-362. Kreider, R. M. Fields, J. M. (2001). Number, timing, and duration of marriages and divorces: Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Riley, Glenda. (1991). Divorce: an American tradition. New York, NY: Oxford UP.

My strengths and personality based approach to help children w Essay

My strengths and personality based approach to help children w behavioral problem - Essay Example It is important therefore to help children socialize and behave adequately in the society. So one of my main duties is to develop child's integrity into the society. I try to be as helpful as I can, so I always try to apply the most efficient methods, e.g. family work, as it is essential to help each member of the family establish healthy and harmonious contacts inside the family and promote integrity. The main points of my work are assessment, consultation, counselling and crisis intervention. I am also encouraged to bring new approaches to the assessment and intervention process and support the development of programs that creatively deal with the issues of children with emotional and behavioral problems. It is possible to receive proper working skills after finishing higher education, but there are also personal qualities, which are impossible to study. So it is necessary to examine one's own personality in order to find his strengths, which are useful directly on the working place, or in broader meaning - to identify if the occupation suits him (her). Adaptable, restorative, applying intellection, deliberative and harmonious. Adaptability is the ability of an individual to survive and maintain its coherence under unfixed internal and external factors. The word 'adaptation' implies a result at a certain point in time, an adjustment that is a state of relatedness. Adaptability helps me first of all, establish strong contact with child or his parents, to receive feedback. My patients and me get quickly accustomed to each other, which is important for fertile work. At our first meeting, seeing new person often causes strange feelings in child or even in his parents, so adaptability is essential as I have consulting duties.'Restorative' implies ability to help others to restore themselves (whatever - their health or mood). As for me those who help children with behavioural problems are required to be restorative, as it is possible to get positive results only possessing such a quality. Medical therapy is important - beyond any doubt - , but it is even more important to restore child's psychics, give him a charge of energy, which will help him cope with his crisis.Intellection in practical meaning is some kind of sensibility. In other words, I always meet all the troubles examining them with my reason, trying to consider them carefully, but not to dive and not to be lost sink in my patient's problems. My common sense is conditional to scrutinizing exceptionally complicated cases.Intellection is way to detailed case examination, which is necessary for me in long-lasting case management. In addition, excessive emotionality is harmful or even hazardous during the work with children who have behavioral problems, thus, I never forget that I am first of all, a specialist and have to act within the frames of my duties.Also I never rush making decision, since I believe it is possible to solve a problem only after extended working with information and gaining some experience concerning particular case.If I say I am deliber ative, it means that I am always ready to

Cultural studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cultural studies - Essay Example Representation of males in the advertisements is also related to American symbols. The taste of this cigarette may be heavy. Only men could enjoy such heavy tastes. That is the reason for using male models. The connotation or idea behind the slogan come to Marlboro country has double meanings. They are the western countryside and America itself. This truly resembles American identity (Wang. 1998.). The advertisement of parliament cigarettes contains some symbolic as well as subliminal message. This type of message is transmitted through plainly visible images as well as objects. These messages aim to appeal the basic instincts of customers. Of course these advertisements have multiple meanings. One view of this ad is that the presence of a female holding a cigarette packet, depicts the importance of smoking in the lives of men is in par of woman. Cigarettes and women have some common case of attraction in the perspective of men. The other meaning could be that parliament cigarettes are not as heavy as other cigarettes. This is evident due to presence of woman in the advertisement. The main difference between the two advertisements is that, the first one depicts masculinity. It is totally male oriented advertisement. The advertisement shows hardness of the situation. However the second ad is not too hard and masculine when compared with the first one. The presence of a woman and a formally dressed gentleman clearly gives the idea that it is lighter in its context as well as attractive to all genders (Ad Analysis Parliament Cigarettes). In politics the chances of err and lie committed by people are quite high. Such behaviour is instrumentally as well as epistemically rational in nature. The practices that are followed in liberal democracy are difficult to improve so that the above mentioned problem can be overtaken. The contemporary political philosophy is an unsuccessful attempt to vindicate on moral and symbolic grounds